Cráneo

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El cráneo (del griego κρανίον kranion y del latín cranium) es una caja ósea que protege y contiene al encéfalo principalmente. El cráneo humano está conformado por la articulación de 8 huesos[] , que forman una cavidad abierta y ovoide de espesor variable, con una capacidad aproximada de 1.450 ml (en adultos). El cráneo cumple una función muy importante, ya que se preocupa de contener todo el sistema nervioso central, con excepción de la médula.

El cráneo, como cavidad, puede ser considerado desde el interior de esa cavidad como endocráneo, o desde el exterior como exocráneo. A su vez, en conjunto, se puede dividir mediante una sección horizontal que pase por la eminencia frontal media y por la protuberancia occipital externa, en dos porciones:

  • una parte superior, la bóveda craneal o calota (calvaria PNA);

  • una parte inferior, la base del cráneo (basis craniiPNA).

    Modelo de bóveda y base craneal

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